ANOTHER GREAT CUSTOM ESSAY FOR YOU

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Monetary Policy in Canada :: essays papers

Fiscal Policy in Canada The Bank of Canada’s Control Over the Money Supply  · The capacity of the national bank to influence the cash gracefully is basically identified with its capacity to decide the stores of the business banking framework.  · One significant instrument that the Bank utilizes for impacting the gracefully of cash is the buy or offer of government protections on the open market. These activities are known as open-advertise tasks.  · Whenever the Bank is engaged with either the buy or offer of government protections, the stores of the whole financial framework are modified, and this influences the cash flexibly.  · When the Bank of Canada purchases a treasury bill or a bond from a family or a firm, it pays for the bond with a check drawn on itself and payable to the dealer. The dealer stores this check in a business bank, which at that point presents the check to the Bank of Canada for installment.  · The bank of Canada at that point makes a book passage, expanding the store of the business bank at the national bank, which adds to the business bank’s saves.  · Typically, when the Bank purchases protections on the open market, the stores of the business banks are expanded. These banks would then be able to grow stores, in this manner expanding the cash gracefully.  · When the Bank offers a security to a family unit or firm, it gets consequently the purchasers check drawn against a store in a bank. The Bank presents the check to the business bank for installment.  · Payment is made by a book section that lessens the bank’s store at the national bank, and thus decreases its stores.  · When the national bank sells protections on the open market, the stores of the business banks are diminished. These banks should thusly contract stores, in this way diminishing the cash gracefully.  · Extension 29-1  · Cash the executives - the moving of government stores between the Bank of Canada and the sanctioned banks †is a significant instrument utilized by the Bank of Canada in its everyday tasks.  · When the Bank moves government stores, it impacts the stores of the financial framework comparative with its objective degree of stores, accordingly instigating a development or compression of business bank loaning and in this way an extension or constriction of the cash gracefully.  · Open-showcase tasks and control of government stores give the Bank of Canada strong weapons for influencing the size of business bank stores and accordingly for influencing the cash flexibly.  · Though the subtleties of an open-showcase activity vary from

This blog post is about you.

This blog post is about you. Ive been tooling all night.  Im so hosed.  IHTFP.  I just pulled an all-nighter finishing three psets. They say you can tell a lot about a culture from its language.  And while Inuits might not really have 200 words for snow, here at MIT we sure do have a lot of words relating to stress. MIT is a difficult place but you already knew that.  The classes are hard.  The psets, harder.  The exams, stressful.  And thats okay.  You dont come to a school like MIT looking to coast through all four years. But sometimes, it just all becomes so overwhelming.  That  combination of classes, psets, UROPs, sports, and trying to maintain a healthy social life spirals out of control, and your self-confidence drops faster than your grades.  It happens to everyone sooner or later, if The Techs special issue on stress is anything to go by. (If you havent read it yet, you should.  Its a superb piece of journalism). I think these two survey results are the most telling: When you look at those results from an objective non-MIT viewpoint, its kind of incredible.  MIT is a place where top minds from across the world come together to learn and work together, and yet 70% of students believe they are average or below average, and 80% of students dont believe their accomplishments have been particularly impressive. You dont need an MIT education to know those perceptions cant possibly be correct. Im just a freshman.  I dont have years of experience to go back on, and I cant reassure you about the next 3.5 years because I havent been through them yet.  All I can tell you is what Ive observed. To everyone Ive met over the past three months: You are, without a doubt, the single most talented and interesting group of people Ive ever met.  You are elite hackers, you are physics whizzes, you are pipette grandmasters.  You are fantastic teammates and loyal friends.  You are future scientists, researchers, engineers, writers, dreamers, and no doubt some of you will be in fields I cant even describe because they dont exist yet.  When I think about all the accomplishments youve achieved and what youll do in the next few years, Im awed.  Every day I can count myself as one of you, Im humbled.  You are awesome.  A pset grade cant change that.  A midterm grade cant change that.  Nothing can change that. Weve got two weeks left before winter break.  Lets do this.

Early Modern Philosophy From Aquinas to Kant

The early modern  period was one of the most innovative moments in Western philosophy, during which new theories of mind and matter, of the divine, and of civic society — among others — were proposed. Although its boundaries are not easily settled, the period approximately spanned from the late 1400s to the end of the 18th century. Among its protagonists, figures such as Descartes, Locke, Hume, and Kant published books that would shape our modern understanding of philosophy. Defining the Beginning and End of the Period The roots of early modern philosophy can be traced back as far as the 1200s — to the most mature moment of the scholastic tradition. The philosophies of authors such as Aquinas (1225-1274), Ockham (1288-1348) and Buridan (1300-1358) accorded full trust to human rational faculties: if God gave us the faculty of reasoning then we shall trust that through such faculty we can achieve a full understanding of worldly and divine matters. Arguably, however, the most innovative philosophical impulse came during the 1400s with the rise of humanistic and Renaissance movements. Thanks to the intensification of relations with non-European societies, their preexisting knowledge of Greek philosophy and the generosity of magnates who were supporting their research, humanists rediscovered central texts of the Ancient Greek period — new waves of Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism, Skepticism, and Epicureanism ensued, whose influence would greatly impact key figures of early modernity. Descartes and Modernity Descartes is often regarded as the first philosopher of modernity. Not only was he a first-rate scientist at the forefront of new theories of mathematics and matter, but he also held radically novel views of the relationship between mind and body as well as Gods omnipotence. His philosophy, however, did not develop in isolation. It was instead a reaction to centuries of scholastic philosophy that provided a rebuttal to anti-scholastic ideas of some of his contemporaries. Among them, for instance, we find Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592), a statesman and author, whose Essais established a new genre in modern Europe, which allegedly prompted Descartess fascination with skeptical doubting. Elsewhere in Europe, Post-Cartesian philosophy occupied a central chapter of early modern philosophy. Along with France, Holland and Germany became central places for philosophical production and their most distinguished representatives rose to great fame. Among them, Spinoza (1632-1677) and Leibniz (1646-1716) occupied key roles, both expressing systems that could be read as attempts to fix the main bugs of Cartesianism. British Empiricism The scientific revolution — which Descartes represented in France — also had a major influence on British philosophy. During the 1500s, a new empiricist  tradition developed in Britain. The movement includes several major figures of the early modern period including Francis Bacon (1561-1626) John Locke (1632-1704), Adam Smith (1723-1790) and David Hume (1711-1776). British empiricism is arguably also at the roots of so-called analytic philosophy — a contemporary philosophical tradition centering on analyzing or dissecting philosophical problems rather than addressing them all at once. While a unique and uncontroversial definition of analytic philosophy can hardly be provided, it can be efficaciously characterized by its inclusion of the works of the great British Empiricists of the era. Enlightenment and Kant In the 1700s, European philosophy was pervaded by a novel philosophical movement: the Enlightenment. Known also as The Age of Reason because of the optimism in the capacity of humans to improve their existential conditions by means of science alone, the Enlightenment can be seen as the culmination of certain ideas advanced by Medieval philosophers: God gave reason to humans as one of our most precious instruments and since God is good, reason — which is Gods work — is in its essence good; through reason alone, then, humans can achieve good. What a mouth full! But that enlightenment led to a great awakening in the societies of man — expressed through art, innovation, technological advances and an expansion of philosophy. In fact, at the very ending of early modern philosophy,  Immanuel Kants work (1724-1804) laid the foundations for modern philosophy itself.

Probiotics Affect Health In Many Different Ways, But They

Probiotics affect health in many different ways, but they mostly have positive effects. People that are healthy have very little side effects or none at all.1 Researchers that have studied probiotic supplements found that they may help prevent many health problems, such as digestive disorders, liver disease, the common cold, tooth decay and more1 Some of the digestive disorders probiotics may help are diarrhea caused by infection and irritable bowel syndrome.2,3 Reachers still have not found what kind of probiotics will best help prevent diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). To make it most effective, researchers state that amount of probiotics that is consumed is important because it if not effective if one takes too much or too†¦show more content†¦Bacterias are essential for the body and are naturally found throughout the gastrointestinal tract (GI) that aid digestion by helping digest food, produce vitamins, and destroy disease causing microorganisms.1 Probiotics are not all alike; there are different kinds for different reasons. â€Å"If a specific kind of Lactobacillus helps prevent an illness, that doesn’t necessarily mean that another kind of Lactobacillus would have the same effect or that any of the Bifidobacterium probiotics would do the same thing†.1 Probiotics can also be found in many foods that we eat which is mainly found in foods that are fermented which are mainly found in dairy such as cheese, yougart and Kefir . Yogurt is one of the best sources of probiotics because studies have shown that it helps bone health and is beneficial for those who have high blood pressure.2 Also, Greek yogurt is the best kind of yogurt that one can consume because it contains more live and active cultures. For children, yogurt tends to help reduce diarrhea and may show improvement for those who have IBS.3 Another food that have essential probiotics in it is Kefir which is fermented milk that contains lactic acid bacteria and yeast. Kefir has shown to protect against infection as will as help digestive infections.3 Some other foods that contain probiotics are sauerkraut (shredded cabbage that is fermented by lactic acid and acid bacteria), tempeh(fermented soybeans), Kimchi (fermented Korean side dish),Show MoreRelatedThe Disagreements Over the Health Effects of Probiotics Essay1491 Words   |  6 Pagesthe year 1965, the term probiotics has been used. Lilly and Stillwell were the first to describe probiotics as substances secreted by one organism, which stimulated growth of other organisms (Gupta, 2009). It was however, Elie Metchnikoff in the 1900s who first suggested that there were health properties in lactic acid bacteria from fermented food products (Anukam, 2007). Since then, the meaning has undergone some changes, one of the most recent definitions is that probiotics are beneficial live microorganismsRead MoreThe And Probiotics Are Functional Foods That Can Have A Positive Impact On Human Health Essay1 605 Words   |  7 PagesPrebiotics and probiotics are functional foods that can have a positive impact on human health As advances in microbiology, and food sciences generally, continue to expand rapidly, prebiotics, probiotics, their characteristics and health benefits become a more and more interesting field for scientific research. Their primary features and their impact on human health will be discussed in this essay. Prebiotics-definition and sources According to Gibson and Roberfroid (1995) prebiotics are â€Å"nondigestibleRead MoreThe Building Blocks Of Any Weight Loss Supplement Essay1132 Words   |  5 PagesThey want to know which ingredients it has and how they fulfill the work that this probiotic was designed for. As aforementioned, this magical product has four nutrients that make it work the way it does. These are explained as shown below. †¢ Caralluma Fibmbriata – According to various studies, Caralluma Fimbriata is a very safe extract to take. It is very potent as well, and the main work it does in this probiotic is to suppress your appetite. Furthermore, research has found that caralluma fimbriataRead MoreA Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial Essay2330 Words   |  10 PagesARTICLE 1 The first article that was examined was â€Å"A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial: The Efficacy of Multispecies Probiotic Supplementation in Alleviating Symptoms of Irritable Bowl Syndome Associated with Constipation†. This article was written concerning a study that was done to examine the effectiveness of using probiotics to alleviate symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The main symptom that was being examined was constipation but bloating, abdominal pain, abdominalRead MoreDigestive Diseases And The Digestive Tract903 Words   |  4 Pagesknown as acid reflux. Almost everyone has experienced this at one time or another- the painful, burning sensation in your chest that can keep you up at night. Some experience mild symptoms only happening occasionally after eating a certain food but many struggle with severe symptoms on a daily basis, leading them to consume large amounts of antacids to try and get relief. Acid reflux is very common. â€Å"The American College of Gastroenterology says that over 60 million Americans experience heartburnRead MoreChemical Effects On Humans And Society1017 Words   |  5 PagesMany hormonal chemicals alter or block other organism’s hormones, and one of these hormonal chemicals is Endocrine disrupting chemicals known as EDCs. (Trachsel, 2008) thus, these chemicals are often known to be agents that are foreign to an organism system, a xenobiotic. (Trachsel, 2008) mainly found in aquatic environments, EDCs have a handful of harm effects on animals, humans and the ecosystem in general, which differs in the way they are regulated (homeostasis) due to the natural occurring hormonesRead MoreAmul Ice-Cream: Sales and Promotional Strategy7365 Words   |  30 Pagesto other competitive brands. âž ¢ To know the factors which affects consumer’s buying behavior to purchase prolife sugar free ice cream. âž ¢ Create awareness about the Probity ice cream âž ¢ To collect the detailed data by filling up the questionnaire from the APO’S/A class outlets or parlors âž ¢ To collect the detailed data with respect to AMUL Outlets. âž ¢ To collect information about the AMUL Prolife ice cream by different APO’S A class outlets âž ¢ To collect detailed informationRead MoreThe Effect Of High Temperatures On Broiler Production1232 Words   |  5 Pagesdetrimental effects when the temperature fluctuates which leads to heat stress, which then negatively affects the productivity of broiler production (Lara, Rostagno, 2013). An increased environmental temperature causes hypothermia (Ahmad, Sarwar, 2006). High temperatures can lead to health issues such as, dehydration, mortality and ultimately affecting growth rate and weight gain which can affect the immune system. Controlling the shed environment can help control temperature fluctuations and keepRead MoreGeneral Mills and Yoplait Analysis3473 Words   |  14 Pagespopularity of these products enticed General Mills to create memorable characters such as Betty Crocker and the Pillsbury Doughboy, which have become icons in American history. Throughout the years, General Mills has enacted many different characters and they have become a staple for many o f their brands. â€Å"As of date, General Mills is the six-largest food company. They market in more than 100 countries, and hold the No. 1 or No. 2 position in virtually every category they compete (General Mills,Read MoreYakult Hong Kong5614 Words   |  23 PagesConclusion 37 Reference 38 Introduction People nowadays become more health conscious and eager for a better standard of living, Hong Kong Nutrition Association stated that ‘the community has been overwhelmed by tones of nutrition related advertisement, involving â€Å"dietitians† and other medical professionals for endorsement or recommendations’. It is the fact that people generally concern about their health condition and lifestyles. As early as 20th century, in other countries, like Japan

Cell Phone Before and After Free Essays

Long time ago, a boy who named Irena and his mother lived in a beautiful village. Irena was 17 years old and his appearance was thought as the gift from the God as he had both gold eyes and hairs that shine like the sunlights. He was curious about the nature and has the potential and perservance to . We will write a custom essay sample on Cell Phone Before and After or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition, is mother flawless face is very small and beautiful with delicate features, and it glows with a soft light from within, like moon. They had a happy family. One day, Irena finished his work and came back to home, and then he found nobody (verb) in the village that was fired. He hide behind the tree, he saw a few man that dressed in black clothes. He was wondering what happened to the village and how could this happen. he was breathing like rest. He did not dare to move, he can only silently look at it. Suddenly he was discovered by a black dress person. (what does this mean? The person stands for what? ) Then many black men run to him and they yelled:†Catch him! Catch him! † Irena heared this voice and run away, he has been running forward, suddenly he stepped on slippery, unexpectedly(what) has reached the edge of the cliff. (what kind of situation? How could the situation be dangerous for him? )situation extremely anxious, he wanted to even death cannot fall to the hands of men, after he jumped off the cliff, the back of the black dress person to see him so fierce, incredibly jumped off the cliff, they would not be chasing him, thought he must be dead. he will never see his mother, but he did not think of another branch saved his life is a tree, when he woke up; he found out himself was in a village. Early in the morning, it woke up from sleep, â€Å"I am not dead! Where is this place? † Irena whispered. At this time an old man went into the room, and the old man said,† you wake up, young man. † He promised to said,† Is you saved me? † The old man said,† yes, you are really have high Crawford . from the high cliff fell off and you are not dead. † The old man asked,† where were you live? † Irena replied:† I live in a small village with my mother. However, when I came home yesterday, I found that caught on fire in the village, and people in the village was gone, I only saw many men( what kind of men and why are those men important)in there, I do not know what they plot. † The old man said:† It was a cult of people, they work for the dragon, the dragon eats one hundred people each year, the black dress person is responsible for the tag, and then offering to the dragon. † Irena said:† these people are really sucks, my mother must be caught by them. † The old man asked:† Do you want to save your mother? † Irena said:† Of course, my mother and I live together since I was a child, she is my only living relative. † The old man asked:† If you want to save your mother, you should follow me to practice fight skill, ()Zas long as you learn to fight skill, you can save your mother, the Irena firmly answer well. Days passed, one day, the old man said the child, â€Å"I had taught all skills for you, the rest will be on your own, before you go, I have something to give you, it is great help to you, after a while, they walked into the house, the old man took out a piece of black cloth wrapped together. † Old man said:†this is a hero to stay on a knife, the hero with the knife to kill the dragon; I believe it will bring you help. † Irena tools the knife and saw a golden light point blank the sky. Early the next morning, Irena went on a journey to save his mother, Irena walked for a half month, he arrived the place that is the dragon lived in. The dragon lived in a cave, Irena went into the cave, and he saw dark inside and felt a little bit cold across from ear. He walks for a long time, finally he saw the dragon, and it is sleeping. A large cage near the dragon, many people were in this cage and his mother also on here. He used knife break the lock, and put out the people. When he saw the dragon, he was stunned. Dragon has long body covered by a scaly skin. They also had a pair of bat like wings, wedge shaped head and long powerful necks. How to cite Cell Phone Before and After, Papers

Property Law free essay sample

Kinds of Trust Trusts are either: 1. Express Trusts (being examined in this lecture). 2. Charitable Trusts 3. Resulting Trusts (intention presumed) 4. Constructive Trusts (used as a remedy) Three Certainties The law of equity states that a trust must satisfy the 3 certainties. If any of the 3 certainties do not eventuate, the trust will fail: ?Certainty of Intention – it must be clear that the settlor or testator/testatrix (person creating a trust) wanted the trust to exist. ?Resulting (intention presumed) and Constructive (used as a remedy) trusts are immune from this certainty. Intention does NOT need to be expressed through the word ‘trust’. Only the elements of a trust need to be present. A deed may contain recitals, that recite a previous set of events where an agreement was made. Consequently the accuracy of the deed’s ‘memory’ can be challenged) 3)The document is ambigious – Lutheran Church of Australia v Farmers Cooperate Executive and Trustees Ltd (1970) 121 CLR 628 4)Document was created in circumstances of fraud, duress or mistake – Boranga v Flintoff (1997) 19 WAR 1 ~Post mortem Trusts ? in addition to the parole evidence rules, there is law restricting extrinsic evidence in the interpretation of a will. We will write a custom essay sample on Property Law or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To ‘side step’ this issue we should view the holder of the fund as the setttlor and trustee, in effect removing the ‘hostile’ settlor from the equation. NB: Meagher and Gummow in Jacobs Law of Trusts (edition before last) have accepted this a probable explanation for the finding in the NSW Court of Appeal in Stephens. ?Certainty of Subject Matter – it must be clear what the property is that will be held on trust. NB: Either the property must be stated as being certain or it must be able to be determined in accordance with the maxim ‘that which is not certain is capable of being rendered certain’. Problems (that usually arise): ?Percentage Property ? problems occur when the property is part of a number of identical items. E. g. 5% of the 950 shares of Kaplan Ltd. (which shares are being held? ). ?Future Property ? as the property doesn’t exist, it cannot be put on trust. ?Certainty of Objects (The Beneficiary Principle)– the trust will fail if it is not clear who the beneficiaries are. Exceptions: -Charitable Trusts – beneficiaries do not have to be identified. -Trust for Animals – (don’t the animals have to be identified? ) Level of Certainty: The level of certainty required by the beneficiary principle changes subject to whether the trust is a fixed trust or a discretionary trust. ?Fixed Trusts: ~Refers to trusts where the entitlement of the beneficiary is known and fixed. ~‘List Certainty’ ? Certainty of Object rule requires that all the beneficiaries can be listed at the time their beneficial interests come into effect. -Inter vivos trust ? certainty of object is required from the moment the trust comes into operation. -Post mortem trust ? certainty of object is required from the moment the person dies. ~Identity ? t should be known that only the identity of the beneficiary is needed (their whereabouts, etc are NOT required). If the beneficiary can’t be located, the trustee can request for the court to direct them how to pay the missing beneficiary’s share (Whislaw v Stephens; Re Gulbenskian Settlements [1970]). West v Weston (1998) 44 NSWLR 657 (RSL 18. 2. 40) Testator died, leaving his estate on trust for any descendants of his 4 grandparents that have now reached the age of 21. -The executrix of the trust identified over 1600 people, but still couldn’t guarantee that everyone was identified. Problem: If the trust ‘falls over’ and there is no residual beneficiary, than the funds go to the crown. -Justice Young: States that the rule of list certainty will be satisfied if the court is satisfied that: a. The substantial majority of the beneficiaries have been identified. b. No reasonable enquiries could be made which would improve the situation. ?Discretionary Trusts: ~Reminder: Trust has been set up and the trustee has an obligation to exercise a power of appointment, not for themselves. ~ History: Prior to Baden the list certainty rule was applicable to discretionary trusts as well as fixed trusts. A creator created a trust that gave his trustees the discretion to use the net income of the trust for the benefit of the staff of a company, their relatives and dependants. -The executors of the creator’s estate argued that the trust was void because the beneficiaries could not be ascertained with list certainty. -The executors requested that the funds become part of the creator’s estate. -The trustees argued that the disposition was a mere power thus not subject to the requirement of list certainty. House of Lords unanimously found that the disposition was a trust power, given the mandatory language employed by the creator.

Frankenstein Essays (1251 words) - English-language Films

Frankenstein Author is Mary Shelley Fiction 127 pages Copyright 1992 It was a dreary night in November. The yellow glow of a candle was lite in a small house. Inside sat a young man named Victor Frankenstein at his desk, staring hard at his notebook. Finally finished with his work having thinked he has discovered the secret of life. After he closed the notebook. He told himself there was only one way to prove his discovery is correct, it was by making a living creature live. Victor than put up his notebook, and went to the towns morgue. There he slipped into the graveyard in the back of the morgue. Working all night and day to find the perfect body parts to make a human being. For months he done this until he was finally done collecting all the parts he needed for his experiment. One day someone knocked at his door and he went to go see whoit was, it was a letter for him father telling him how much he missed him. In the letter it also told him how much his best friend Clerval, and his fiance Elizabeth missed him too. Tears welled in Victor eyes as he finished the letter. Ten minutes later , Victor arrived at the university. He entered the medical school hall, it was quiet and empty. So he started to work by opening his bag and taking all the things he needed for his experiment to work with. Many months later, Victor approached the large wooden operating table finishing up the last parts. The thing was a gigantic human. The thing on the table seemed to move, but it was only the moving of its shadow. Than when the time was right a explosive jolt of lightning came down into his room, and on the thing. Victor watched his creature eyes open. Shouting with great joy knowing that his creation lives. Victor rushed to the desk, unhooked the tubes and wires connecting the creature to the bottle-filled desk. He than tore away the canvas and looked square into the fae of the giant he had made. Victor was scared of his creature that he ran out the room. Pacing himself all night wondering what went wrong with the experiment, his friend came to visit him. Even before a word came out from Victor he fell on the street, so his friend took him home to rest. The creature still confuse not knowing what was going on started walking toward the forest. There he slept drank, ate, and slept for months until winter season was coming. One evening the giant spied a light through the dark forest. Hungry and cold, he walked toward a small little cottage. There was a little family living in there almost barely surviving. When the lights went out in the cottage the creature went around the corner of the house, and found a small hut to sleep for the night. When morning came he saw alittle crack that gave him sight of the entire house. Each day there the giant added words and ideas to his life by listening to what the people were talking inside. Each day he would help the family by bringing them wood, and rabbits leaving it at the front door. Without the creature help the family would of probably died that winter. The giant wanted to make friends with the blind old man cause he couldn't see his ugliness, to tell him he was the one who gathers wood and catches rabbits for them. So after the other member of the family left, the big giant went in to ask the old man to be his friend. The old man was happy there was someone new to talk too. But than his children came in and saw the giant they started beating him. So he ran out the cottage, an into the wood. Now angry knowing that he will never be loved he wanted to get revenge on Victor Frankenstein. While the next day when the giant ran into a kid. He asked the kid if he wanted to be my friend. The kid just told the giant to go away or his dad Judge Frankenstein will come. When he heard

The Deadly Truth- A Research Paper on Euthanasia

The Deadly Truth- A Research Paper on Euthanasia Free Online Research Papers Euthanasia: is it really necessary? Euthanasia, otherwise known as mercy killing or physician assisted suicide, is the intentional killing of a dependent human for his or her alleged benefit. There are many types of Euthanasia. Among these are voluntary, non-voluntary, and involuntary Euthanasia. Voluntary Euthanasia is after the person has requested to be killed; non-voluntary is when the person has given no consent or made no request; and last but not least there is involuntary Euthanasia, which is when the person has expressed a wish to the contrary. Euthanasia is not truly euthanasia unless the person who is killed is in fact killed intentionally (â€Å"Euthanasia†). One would think many and most people would be against this killing of innocent people, however; this is not the case. The numbers have gotten better, though. In a poll given in 1996, seventy- five percent of the United States was in favor for Euthanasia, but in 1997, the numbers changed. In June of 1997, fifty- seven percent supported it and thirty- five percent of people opposed Euthanasia. Religious When one thinks of Euthanasia, usually a strong figure in their mind is Dr. Kevorkian. This was the doctor that was known throughout the world for the physician assisted suicides that he performed. He was sentenced to jail for many reasons, one being the suspicion of pushing his patients to partake in it, rather than letting them making their own decision in the matter of their own life. Euthanasia is wrong and should be illegal for the following reasons: Euthanasia is biblically and morally wrong, it puts a value on a human life, and also Euthanasia is compromising the doctoring practice as a whole because of how people view this medical procedure. The first thing to know is that euthanasia is biblically and morally wrong. In Exodus 21:14 its states, â€Å" But if a man schemes and kills another man deliberately, take him away from my altar and put him to death.† (Barker 118) Also, in the Ten Commandments, Exodus 20:13, it states, â€Å"Thou shall not murder.† (Barker 117). There are numerous examples such as these listed throughout The Bible. Secondly, Euthanasia has begun to put a value on the human life. Many people see it okay to kill in self- defense, which it is. In a self defense one is saving an innocent life, but when performing euthanasia one is taking an innocent life, no one’s life is being saved here. (â€Å"Euthanasia†) Many doctors now are not taking other people lives into consideration and instead of pushing them against it they are more forcing the patients into assisted suicide. Given, there are people that are in a vegetative state; Euthanasia should not be their way out of life. Every human life has the same value. Just because someone is one way or another, does not on ANY grounds mean that their life means anything less than someone else’s life. These lives should be protected. Physician Last but not least Euthanasia is compromising the doctoring practice. People are losing trust in all doctors because of the few that practice Euthanasia. Many doctors are not like Steven A. Wahls, who stated, â€Å"As a physician who practices ‘in the front lines’ I have had the privilege of caring for many individuals with terminal illness. I am proud to say that for each one has been handled with compassion and care, good pain relief, and emotional as well as spiritual support with out any assistance in shortening their ‘time of dying†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wekesser 107). If you look at doctors now, they are more and more increasing to going to assisted suicide. Seventy-five percent of people who attempt suicide do not actually want to die and it’s all just a cry for attention. National Euthanasia is wrong and should stay illegal. Instead of using a suicide method, why not use the Will-to-Live project? This project states that you have named someone to make a decision for you in case terminally ill or put into a terminally ill state. There will be clear written instructions on the medical treatment that you are to receive, no questions asked. (â€Å"National†) Do the right thing and help save our population! Research Papers on The Deadly Truth- A Research Paper on EuthanasiaArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Capital PunishmentThe Fifth HorsemanThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoGenetic EngineeringThree Concepts of PsychodynamicBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesUnreasonable Searches and Seizures

What causes structural unemployment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What causes structural unemployment - Essay Example In most cases, unemployment occurs when the economy in the recession. Globally, more than 200 million people are unemployed which is equivalent to 6% of the global workforce. There are different types of unemployment. These include classical unemployment, cyclical unemployment, structural unemployment, frictional unemployment and hidden unemployment. This paper seeks to discuss about the causes of structural unemployment as well as the ways of dealing with this kind of unemployment. Structural unemployment is defined as a type of unemployment whereby at a given wage level, the labour demanded is lower that the labor supplied. This happens when there is a mismatch between the number of jobs available in the economy and the number of people who are willing to work (Romer, 2011). The mismatch may occur if the unemployed individuals lack the necessary skills as needed by the organizations or they may be residing in different parts of the country far from where the job opportunities are available. Being one of the permanent types of unemployment, most economists argue that improvement on causes of structural unemployment can only take place in the long run. Based on the changing level of technology and obsolescence of certain technology, some experts and systems become of less importance (Ford, 2009). For example, with the emergence of modern forms of printing by use of computers, the use typesetters became insignificance. Another scenario of structural unemployment can be indicated when the economy experience an increase in the level efficiency. In most cases, when any of the economy sectors has high level of efficiency, the number of workers required goes down. For example, by mechanizing the work in the agricultural sector, few employees are needed to carry out the duties in the sector. This implies that some individuals who have qualification in agricultural related

Dangerous Driving Habits Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dangerous Driving Habits - Personal Statement Example It was a usual maddening, Monday morning and at 8:45 a.m. the drivers driving their cars were getting impatient to reach office on time. Amy was particularly concerned since her office had a policy of cutting off sick leaves after the first two late comings of the month. Hurriedly she looked at her flip mobile phone, opened it and saw the time.8:46, it was time to freak out, she was left with less than fifteen minutes to park her car, take the long walk and punch her attendance card on time. Every minute counted and she realized that waiting on any of the signals would mean tat she will be certainly late. She sped at 40 MPH at an orange signal, which was about to turn red. Apparently, the drivers on the other side were equally desperate to reach destination and used the orange light and raced ahead. As a result, Amy’s car was standing bumper to bumper with another car, while the rest of the traffic jammed in behind her. The series of incidents lead to what we may see as a viol ation of most written traffic rules and ‘driving ethics’ if such a term has been coined, including violating signal, talking on the mobile phone while driving, honking, undertaking & tailgating. Amy heard what she had always heard from others â€Å"Women Drivers!† filled with venom. My question is did this happen because Amy was a woman? Or are other drivers equally prone to such mistakes? The answer is quite obvious. ... These include undertaking, speeding, and talking on the mobile and signal violations. The second type of offense is a violation of the 'driving code of ethics', for which no regulations have been made as yet. These include tailgating, honking unnecessarily, driving very slow on a highway or in the right lane, weaving from lane to lane, wrong indicators, jamming brakes instantly and orange signal rushes. These offenses tend to test the patience of other drivers and often lead to more than usual traffic violations due to impatience. In our example, it can be seen that Amy did not directly violate the written laws. However, it could have bee an accident where both parties though orange signal is a go ahead. Considering the above, I would conclude by stressing that traffic rules need to be updated to include offenses of the second type. These offenses can be significant as well and can cause the aggressee their peace of mind while not providing any benefits to the aggressors. Honking at certain hours for example at night or outside a hospital should lead to tickets. Likewise, orange signal violation should be taken to be a violation. In our case, this could have actually leaded to a head on collision. Other offenses include tailgating, which unnerves the other driver and reduces their patience levels. In the meanwhile, eating and checking time on mobiles can even be dangerous. Consider another case in which you are driving behind another car at a speed of 80 Km/ hour .All of a sudden, the car in front of you jams the brakes. This leads to a series of collisions where by the chain of cars following each other bang into each other. The generally accepted rule is, it is always the fault of the person behind you, if you get hit from the back.

Role of affect and emotions in prejudice

Role of affect and emotions in prejudice Prejudice is an intriguing topic in social psychology. Most studies focus on its cognitive and social representations and rarely do people notice the significance of affect in prejudice. In this essay, the focus of interest is on affect and emotions as a theoretical base in understanding prejudice. The role of emotions in intergroup processes and prejudice is explored, coupled with the discussion on the antecedents, nature, and consequences of intergroup emotions, which is illustrated by the specificity of intergroup emotions and its resulting behavioral tendencies. The relationship between intergroup emotion and intergroup forgiveness also shed light on devising strategies to reduce prejudice. Prejudice is a preconceived judgment towards a group and its members (Myers, 2010). This evaluation can be either positive or negative. In the intergroup context, prejudice is a group-based attitude elicited by intergroup interaction (Smith, 1993). According to ABCs of attitudes, Myers states that attitude is composed by affect (feelings), behavior tendency (inclination to act) and cognition (beliefs). Affect plays an important role in prejudice (attitude). To differentiate prejudice, discrimination and stereotype in simple terms, prejudice is an attitude, discrimination is a behavior, and stereotype is a belief towards a group and its individual members. They intertwine with one another. Prejudice and stereotype are neutral in comparison to discrimination which often refers to negative behavior attributed to prejudicial attitudes. To study intergroup processes, emotion is narrowed down to intergroup emotion while groups are divided into ingroups and outrgoups. Intergroup emotion is an emotion in the intergroup context. It includes emotions felt towards ones own group and emotions felt towards the outgroup. The role of emotions in intergroup processes lies in emotions provoking peoples reactions and responses to outgroups, which in turn affects intergroup relations. The antecedents of intergroup emotions are (1) group membership, (2) intergroup interactions and (3) appraisals. Firstly, group membership can be explained by self-categorization theory, self-discrepancy theory and social identity theory. According to the self-categorization theory (Turner, Hogg, Oakes, Reicher Wetherell, 1987), people define themselves in personal terms and in terms of group memberships in the social context. When people identify themselves as group members, this ingroup membership becomes part of the self; this extended social self (group) makes group membership and intergroup interactions evoke emotional responses (Mackie Smith, 2002). According to the self-discrepancy theory, people often match their actual self with their ideal self and ought self. The greater the discrepancy between the matches, the greater the psychological discomfort. This is an emotion felt towards ones self and group. Mackie and Smith think that negative emotions are aroused when people p erceive the attributes of their ingroup do not correspond to those they wish or believe their ingroup ought to possess. Mackie and Smith give examples of dejection-related emotions including dissatisfaction, disappointment, sadness and hopelessness while agitation-related emotions include apprehension, nervousness, tension, threatenedness and uneasiness. Social identity theory (Brown, 2000) proposes ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation. In other words, ingroup love may extend to outgroup hatred. Ingroup identification can give rise to hostile reactions to outgroups in forms of prejudice and discrimination. This illustrates an emotion one felt towards the outgroup. Social Identity Theory is an example of ingroup bias resulting from ones purpose to enhance self-esteem by increasing the positivity of ingroups and the negativity of outgroups. Another manifestation of intergroup bias is realistic conflict theory, an ingroup bias which stems from hostility in response to a competiti ve and threatening outgroup (Shah, Brazy Higgins, 2002). The regulatory and affective needs are fulfilled through ingroup bias. Secondly, intergroup interaction is antecedent to intergroup emotions. The nature of specific interactions between groups acts as a source of differentiated affective reactions (Mackie Smith, 2002). For example, interactions that produce positive affect can promote the liking of further interaction with outgroup members. This shows the nature of interaction between groups as a determinant of emotions. This is further explored in the following discussion on intergroup relations. Thirdly, appraisals are also antecedent to intergroup emotions. Devos, Silver, Mackie and Smith (2002) describe the appraisal theories of emotion as a situation or an event can bring about emotions when the individual concerns, goals and motives are favored or harmed. Appraisals are a configuration of cognitions or beliefs, which triggers emotions. Ingroup emotions are triggered by group-based appraisals. For instance, if the social identity or integrity of the ingroup is threatened by the outgroup, the ingroup members may experience fear and anxiety. Appraisals cause emotions, which in turn correspond to its specific action tendencies. The nature of intergroup emotions lies in intergroup relations. Intergroup relations can be exemplified by integrated threat theory and image theory. Integrated threat theory reflects the role of threat in intergroup relations. Stephan and Renfro (2002) focus on four types of threat-realistic threats, symbolic threats, intergroup anxiety and negative stereotyping. Realistic threats are threats to the group welfare including threats to the ingroup wellbeing. Stephan and Renfro (2002) propose that the concept of realistic threats comes from realistic group conflict theory, which argues that competition for limited resources giving rise to outgroup prejudice so realistic threats can have a broader denotation meaning any threat to the group welfare, not just competition for limited resources. Symbolic threat is an intangible threat to the ingroup values and beliefs. According to Dovidio and Gaertner (1996), intergroup anxiety includes discomfort, apprehension, fear and disgust owing to t he expectation of negative results in intergroup interactions. Stephan and Renfro (2002) believe that there are negative psychological outcomes (embarrassment), negative behavioral outcomes (exploitation or physical harm) and negative evaluations by the both ingroup and outgroup members. Negative stereotypes are simplifications and guidelines for social interactions leading people think the outgroup behaves detrimentally to the ingroup. In the integrated theory, the above four threats are considered to cause outgroup prejudice, which includes negative affect associated with outgroups arousing negative emotions like dislike, disapproval and hatred towards the outgroup. Stephan and Renfro (2002) believe that the antecedents of threats stem from strong identification with the ingroup, frequent negative contact with outgroup members, disparities in the status of the two groups and ignorance of the outgroup. On the flip side, the image theory describes intergroup emotions on the basis of relationship patterns and outgroup images. Relationship pattern are described in terms of goal compatibility, status equality and power equality. Thus, an outgroup image is formed corresponding to the relationship pattern, thereby arousing specific intergroup emotions and behavioral orientation. There are two symmetric images where the two groups involved perceive the intergroup relations in the same way. Brewer and Alexander (2002) describe enemy image as an intense competition between two groups similar in power and status with incompatible goals. This intergroup relationship produces a feeling of threat. This arouses an affect of anger and prompts a behavioral tendency to eradicate the threat by containment or attack. Ally image is characterized with goal compatibility, equal status and power between groups (Brewer Alexander, 2002). This produces an image of nonthreatening with positive attributes. Hence, emotions like admiration and trust are generated and it facilitates the behavioral inclination of intergroup cooperation. Apart from the aforesaid, there are asymmetric relationships having mutually incompatible intergroup goal interdependence and differing in power and status. Barbarian image arises when the relationship has incompatible goals with the ingroup having lower status but higher power. The outgroup is then seen as evil and destructive. Affects like fear and intimidation are likely to be experienced by the ingroup so its behavioral orientation tends to adopt a defensive protection. When the ingroup is weaker and lower in status, sentiments like jealousy and resentment towards the outgroup are elicited. Behavioral orientation like resistance or rebellion is expected. This associates with the imperialist image. Expressing and decoding emotions also play a part in intergroup relations. Emotional interactions between people involve feeling, expressing and perceiving (Leyens, Demoulin, Desert, Vaes Philipot, 2002). If one of the above goes wrong, intergroup relations is likely to be jeopardized and prejudice will arise. Inadequate expressions and decoding of emotions may harm the intergroup interaction, leading to reciprocal misunderstandings at the level of feeling, expressing and perceiving. Such misunderstanding makes ingroup members fear, prevent or reject subsequent encounters with outgroup members. Hence, a vicious cycle is formed and it reinforces existing prejudice and discrimination. Based on the above discussion on the antecedents and nature of intergroup emotions, people experience emotions on behalf of their own group as they see themselves as a group member and others as fellow group members. These emotions make people manifest specific behavioral tendencies like collective action, effort in improvement of the intergroup relations and so on. Prejudice, stereotypes and discrimination are also consequences of intergroup emotions. Specific emotions also correspond to different patterns of behavioral tendencies. Action tendency refers to the impulses or inclinations toward a particular action. In the intergroup context, group-based appraisals of the situation or event often trigger specific intergroup emotions, which in turn trigger particular action tendencies and promote certain behaviors. According to Devos, Silver, Mackie and Smith (2002), fear and anxiety prompt ingroup members to keep away from the outgroup while anger generates a motivation to attack or ag gress the outgroup; disgust and contempt trigger avoidance and separation while resentment and frustration spark off resistance and actions against the outgroup. These behavioral tendencies result from intergroup emotions. The specificity of intergroup emotions and behavioral tendencies can be explained by Intergroup Emotions Theory (IET). IET is grounded on self-categorization-the mental representations of self and group. When group membership is rooted in the self-concept, individuals care about situations and events concerning the group. This demonstates the emotional significance in intergroup situations. According to Devos, Silver, Mackie and Smith (2002), ingroup members often develop fear towards a threatening and powerful outgroup; group conflicts generate anger; frustration shows up when the goals and actions of ingroup are blocked by outgroup. An outgroup violating moral standards breeds disgust. Resentment results on seeing outgroup enjoying underserved benefits. Specific inclinations of behavior t follow suit. Anger and frustration cause resistance and aggression. Fear can prompt ingroup protection and escape from the disadvantaged situation. Disgust and contempt deter interactions with an outgroup. Mackie and Smith (2002) believe that there is a limitation for predicting corresponding behaviors. The prediction can only be an action tendency rather than a concrete behavior because actual behaviors are constrained by situational factors and social norms. Action tendencies are deduced from affects and emotions so they can only represent an impulse or intention of actions. Mackie and Smith gave an example stating the constraint of situation factors concerning the presence of an outgroup or the means for the ingroup to act accordingly. Further example of social norms is that an ingroup having an inclination to attack and aggress the outgroup cannot display their aggression and act out due to social sanctions. Mackie and Smith suggest that an action tendency can be fulfilled by different concrete behaviors. For example, aggression can be elicited in terms of verbal aggression or physical aggression, which can prompt many other alternative concrete behaviors. On the other hand, the correlation between intergroup emotions and intergroup forgiveness is worthy-of-note. Noor, Brown and Prentice (2008) define intergroup forgiveness as a process which involves making a decision to learn new aspects about one-self and ones group-ones emotions, thoughts, and capability to inflict harm on others. This reflection on intergroup emotions and intergroup relations does not mean to devalue the severity and consequences of misdeeds, but to reverse the negativity of affect between the groups. Intergroup emotions play an important role in the willingness to engage in forgiveness. Emotions like pity, guilt and sympathy can melt peoples heart of stone and motivate them to forgive. Experiencing empathy (compassion and sympathy) for an individual outgroup member can produce more positive attitudes towards the outgroup as a whole, thereby enabling forgiveness. Nevertheless, the willingness to forgive is difficult to achieve at the group level. Noor, Brown and P rentice (2008) illustrate that some group members may be willing to forgive the outgroup but they might withhold or withdraw their forgiveness in fear of shaking their ingroup loyalty. The above correlation between intergroup emotions and intergroup forgiveness sheds light on devising strategies to reduce prejudice. Intergroup forgiveness can be seen as a crucial step towards reconciliation. Intergroup reconciliation is much more than conflict resolution and the cessation of conflict. Intergroup forgiveness can motivate the ingroup to view the world from the outgroups perspective and standpoint with the intention to clarify misunderstandings, address mutual concerns and eliminate prejudice. The role of contact in reducing prejudice lies in promoting positive affects and intergroup friendship. Mackie and Smith (2002) discover that the number of acquaintances has an effect on prejudice, which is significantly mediated by prejudice. Their research analysis discovers that acquaintances reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions, both of which reduced prejudice. Mackie and Smith discover that the closeness of the relationship can significantly reduce prejudice when participants are aware of different group membership. Oskamp (2000) proposes the motivational approach of reducing feelings of threat from an outgroup, demonstrating that the outcomes of ingroups and outgroups are interdependent, and accentuating that each individual is accountable for intergroup events. This strategy corresponds to the Integrated Threat Theory and tackles some of the antecedents of threat like disparities in the status of the two groups. An antecedent of threat like frequent negative contact with outgroup members can be tackled by promoting favorable and rewarding intergroup contact to reduce prejudice. Another antecedent of threat like ignorance of the outgroup can be compensated by eliminating misunderstandings. This involves the appropriate expression and decoding of emotions between groups. Due to the illusion of transparency, most people have an impression that their expression of emotions is especially transparent for outgroups, but they are in fact less accurately perceived. This communication gap hinders favora ble intergroup contact and reinforces existing prejudice. Hence, ingroup members may need to pay extra efforts to show their emotions to outgroupers to prevent prejudice. Myers (2010) suggests we can use guilt to motivate ourselves to break the prejudice habit. It is applicable in terms of collective guilt which urges collective action serving to change existing intergroup relations, correct past injustices and reduce ongoing inequality. As unequal status breeds prejudice, seeking cooperative and equal-status relationships can help reduce prejudice (Myers, 2010). The antecedent of threat-strong identification with the ingroup leads to ingroup bias (intergroup bias). This bias can be reduced by fostering a sense of belonging with outgroup members to satisfy peoples affective needs. This corresponds to our understanding of the social identity theory that explains ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation. This sense of belonging arouses positive emotions of love, support and liking, in order to reduce negative prejudice. To wrap up, the role of affect and emotions in prejudice cannot be underestimated. It is significant to grasp an understanding of correlations and causal relationships among affect, emotions, intergroup processes, intergroup emotions, behavioral tendencies, intergroup forgiveness and prejudice. With these understandings, affective aspect of prejudice can eventually be tackled and reduced. (2500 words)

From the Immigrants

The Emigrants by Edward Kamau Brathwaite The poem from The Emigrants by Edward Kamau Brathwaite is the thoughts of an indigenous inhabitant, the persona, thinking of the invasion that has been so abruptly brought upon them which they must now face. We know that the persona is one of the inhabitants because in line four and twelve, the repetition of â€Å"my† personalizes what is happening, coming from an inhabitant’s perspective. The themes perception versus reality, power, discovery and war throughout the poem explain and break down the content of the poem.Columbus, an explorer is searching for new lands for Queen Elizabeth, these tie in with the themes of discovery and power. He is discovers a new land that is inhabited by a race that he had never come across before. Lines eleven and twelve continue to tie in with the theme power, â€Å"deck watched heights he hoped for, rocks he dreamed, rise solid from my simple water. † Columbus believes that by discovering this new land he will not only obtain power and glory and riches from the Queen but also much more that he can obtain from this land.War and danger are also major themes in this poem. â€Å"As he watched the shore, the slaughter that his soldiers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this shows us that Columbus’ invasion brought death and suffering to the inhabitants as they tried to protect themselves. Furthermore while referring to how the island tried to defend itself, the poet talks of the response of Mother Nature towards the invasion. â€Å"Parrots screamed†, emphasizes not only the disruption of nature but also how the parrots may have reacted to defend their habitat.In addition, â€Å"birds harshly hawking, without fear† and â€Å"Crabs snapped their claws† both continue to show the response of the natural habitat towards the invasion and how they will defend their land, showing Columbus that he is not welcome. For this reason, Columbus men retaliate and fight the indig enous people’s defense resulting in all out war. These themes slowly flow into a major theme, perception versus reality. In stanza twenty one the last four lines of this stanza are significant, â€Å"What did this journey mean, this ew world mean: dis- covery? Or a return to terrors he had sailed from. Known before? † These lines are significant because, Columbus has just left Spain after Spain is experiencing political controversies and he perceives that by discovering new land he will escape from this and hopefully put a stop to these fights within Spain’s empire.However, when Columbus discovers this land that is already inhabited and that he must now fight for it, the true reality is that he has left one fight, in Spain, to enter another, in this â€Å"new world. In the poem from The Emigrants its form gives us an idea of what actions are going to take place or are already taking place. The form of the poem is free verse, in addition, there is little punctua tion and the lines of the poem are broken up. The poet’s decision to use little punctuation gives an idea that the persona, an indigenous inhabitant of the island, is having continuous thoughts of ideas and actions of this abrupt invasion of Columbus and his people.This also ties in with the poem’s main form, free verse, the poem’s content, the persona’s thoughts are fluently and freely being stated mentally. Figuratively speaking, in a way, as each thought or idea comes to the persona’s mind, the poet quickly takes note of it. In addition, the poem is breaking into many stanzas also ties in with the above statements. An example of this can be seen in lines thirty four and thirty five where the word â€Å"discovery† is broken after its first syllable and carried on to the next line, â€Å"new world mean: dis- covery?Or a return to terrors. Even though throughout the poem the stanzas are broken apart mid sentence, these lines are not only si gnificant because they are broken apart by a word but also because it helps emphasize and symbolize the disruption and destruction that has been brought upon the island. Throughout the poem the poet uses many figurative. Such devices are onomatopoeia, alliteration, repetition, oxymoron and irony. An example of repetition can be seen in lines ten and twenty five â€Å"Columbus from his after-†, it is repetition because both lines are exactly the same.In addition, some examples of onomatopoeia and alliteration can be seen in lines seven â€Å"flapping flag†, eight â€Å"harshly hawking† and thirty eight â€Å"splashing silence. † These are examples of onomatopoeia because flapping, hawking and splashing are all sounds while the phrases are also examples of alliteration because respectively, there is the repetition of the f, h and s consonants. However, â€Å"splashing silence† is not only an example of onomatopoeia and alliteration but it is also an example of oxymoron. An oxymoron is where contradictory terms are joined together to form a phrase or statement. Splashing silence is an oxymoron because it is contradicting itself, where â€Å"splashing† makes a sound and whereas when there is â€Å"silence† there are no hearable sounds. As stated in the previous paragraph where there is a case of the word â€Å"discovery† breaking apart after its first syllable, it is also a form of irony. It is ironic because you can’t discover something that has already been discovered and is now being inhabited by a different race. It can also be interpreted cynically, where the writer can be seen as cynical towards Columbus and his actions.

An Analysis of the Watergate Crisis Essay

The Watergate crisis or scandal shrouded America with an attitude of pessimism. From the people involved and the meaning of the controversy then and now, the Watergate crisis rocked the world with political conflicts and power abuse. It also involved crimes such as obstruction of justice, conspiracy, cover up, lying under oath, espionage, burglary, and concealment of evidence. The scandal was named after the Watergate hotel complex in Washington that housed the rival of President Nixon’s Republican Party, the Democratic Party. The crisis was so powerful that it resulted in the resignation of President Nixon, indictment of the President and his men, and significant media and political effects. The scandal started out with classified documents, clumsy thefts, and a trail of crimes pointing directly to Nixon’s re-election committee. Thereafter, the crisis did not stop at the tactless White House personnel or the famous President’s men. It continued all the way to Nixon himself which caused him his Oval Office. It was perceived as a political crisis created by a leader’s greed, cruelty and paranoia. Ultimately, history accounted that Nixon’s own evil foe was not his political opponents but himself. It was chronicled by several books, articles, and official and federal documents, as well as a Redford-Hoffman movie in 1976. The Watergate scandal served not only as previous catalysts of American political, social and moral changes but now more as reminders or guiding principles of American lives. Historical Summary In the history of American presidential politics, the Watergate incident was taken as the most grave and peculiar crisis or scandal. This is because of the apparent direct involvement in several crimes of the president himself and his men. In his book, â€Å"The Watergate Crisis,† Genovese (1999) described the scandal as unusual and Nixon as an unusual kind of President of the United States (Genovese, 1999). According to Genovese (1999), the cause of the Watergate scandal can be traced from the negative impacts, such as the factions, of the Vietnam War. Nixon had difficulty getting out from the said divisive war and was eventually faced with various protests. Genovese (1999) added that with pressures to stop the protests and get out of the Vietnam war with respect and dignity intact, Nixon unfortunately created a route filled with â€Å"leak plugging, wiretapping, a secret war in Cambodia, and a series of criminal acts that in the end led to his downfall and fed the already significant erosion of public trust in government† (p. 3). The same Genovese book further said that what used to be a general term that referred to the burglary of the offices of the Democratic National Committee in a Washington hotel complex resulted into various linking terminologies and included beneath it are several crimes. The crisis caused the downfall of Nixon while several highest-ranking government officials were made to serve jail terms, hurting the nation as a result (Genovese, 1999). The Watergate Break-in The Watergate break-in or burglary happened on June 17, 1972 (Sirica, 1979). During his round, a security officer of the Watergate Hotel Complex in Washington D. C. identified as Frank Willis saw a tape covering various locks of different doors in the area. Willis discreetly reported the matter to the police and thereafter, five burglars were arrested. The five men were suspected of illegally wiretapping and stealing classified documents inside the office of the Democratic National Committee or DNC (Sirica, 1979). The suspects were identified in the book of Dickinson, Cross and Polsky (1973) as â€Å"Virgilio Gonzales, Bernard Barker, James W. McCord, Jr. , Eugenio Martinez and Frank Sturgis. † The suspects, later uncovered as former CIA and FBI agents, were â€Å"charged with attempted burglary and attempted interception of telephone and other communications† (Dickinson, Cross & Polsky, 1973). Five men and two other suspects, identified as E. Howard Hunt, Jr. and Gordon Liddy, were accused by a grand jury of â€Å"conspiracy, burglary and violation of federal wiretapping laws† on September 15, 1972. It was also discovered after investigation that the suspects’ goal was to plant a bug in the office of DNC Chairman, Larry O’Brien (Lewis, 1972). A multi-investigation conducted by the U. S. Congress, FBI and media revealed that the direct or indirect connection of the seven suspects to Nixon’s Re-election committee. Nixon initially said that his aides were not involved in the case. The cover-up was later disclosed and exposed irregularities and illegal activities of the Nixon Re-election committee. The results of the investigation concluded that the re-election committee â€Å"received covert campaign funds from big companies, played dirty tricks on Democratic candidates during the 1972 election campaign, attempted to use the FBI and other government agencies against political enemies, and set up a secret group to carry out unlawful activities against political enemies† (cited in Scholastic, 1989). In view of this, America and the world were then convinced of a conspiracy linking the President and his men. The suspects who broke into O’Brien’s office and the President’s men involved were tried and eventually convicted in 1973. The following year, the bungled break-in eventually caused Nixon his position as he resigned as the President of the United States on August 9, 1974 (Scholastic, 1989). The Washington Post Investigation The Watergate scandal was publicized by The Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein through a confidential but reliable source whom they named â€Å"Deep Throat. † An initial headline of â€Å"Five Held in Plot to Bug Democratic Offices Here,† that appeared at the bottom of the newspaper’s page one on Sunday, June 18, 1972, signaled the Washington Post’s investigation. The two young reporters wrote the arrest of a group of former FBI and CIA agents who â€Å"broke into, illegally wiretapped and stole classified documents from the offices of the Democratic National Committee in the Watergate office complex in Washington† (â€Å"The Watergate Story Part 1,† 2008). Bernstein and Woodward were intrigued with the details of the story and the turn of events. Citing police sources, Woodward wrote that the burglars â€Å"came from Miami, wore surgical gloves and carried thousands of dollars in cash† (â€Å"The Watergate Story Part 1,† 2008). The break-in appeared to be â€Å"a professional type operation,† added Woodward (â€Å"The Watergate Story Part 1,† 2008). As told by the Washington post and its reporters, the intriguing yet interesting developments of the story shook Washington for two years, resulted into the resignation of Nixon and eventually created political impacts (â€Å"The Watergate Story Part 1,† 2008). According to an online compilation of the Watergate events posted at the Washington Post’s site, Woodward and Bernstein became part of the various revelatory articles that the said newspaper published. Thereafter, the succeeding Washington Post coverage of the Watergate scandal further exposed the involvement of several of the President’s men and the ultimate link of Nixon and his campaign funds to the various crimes. The newspaper’s account of the scandal also ran the grand jury investigation that identified and indicted â€Å"All the President’s Men† for their respective involvement in the crimes (â€Å"The Watergate Story Part 1,† 2008). A significant mark of the Washington Post and â€Å"Bernstein† reporting of the Watergate scandal was â€Å"Deep Throat. † A confidential source by Woodward, â€Å"Deep Throat† was identified only in 2005 or 33 years later as Mark Felt. He was the second highest-ranking FBI official who at the height of the scandal, confirmed or denied information to the two reporters and guided them to pursue specific leads (â€Å"The Watergate Story Part 1,† 2008). A string of exclusives by Woodward and Bernstein and the determination of Post publisher Katherine Graham to expose the truth made the FBI finally penetrated the White House denials and the conduct of the grand jury investigation. This momentum led to the loss of job, prosecution and conviction of the involved officials of the Nixon administration and ultimately the impeachment against the President and his eventual resignation on August 8, 1974. Nixon’s successor, President Ford, granted the former â€Å"full, free and absolute pardon† one month later (â€Å"The Watergate Story Part 3,† 2008). The Government Investigation The Watergate probe called for the courts, the Congress, and a special prosecutor to investigate its top-to-bottom connections to the White House. According to the same Washington Post online source, the investigation involved Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox, North Carolina Senator Sam Ervin and the FBI. Woodward and Bernstein stories reported the eventual breaking out of Nixon’s men from his administration and the disclosure of events that were linked to the scandal. One example was the revelation of secret tapes that further exposed Nixon’s involvement. The deep connection of Nixon resulted into a firestorm of firings called â€Å"the Saturday Night Massacre. † Amid impeachment against the President, he still denied accusations and stayed in his office (â€Å"The Watergate Story Part 2,† 2008). The Watergate Scandal and Nixon In his book, Genovese (1999) noted that Nixon was a â€Å"complex, multidimensional figure, a man of many contradictions. † (p. 57). Genovese (1999) said that these characteristics of Nixon and the Watergate crisis were manifestations of â€Å"a period of presidential lawlessness unprecedented in American history† (p. 57). Nixon was an example of a president who initially took an oath to â€Å"faithfully execute† the law but eventually went beyond and broke it (Genovese, 1999, p. 69). As a result, the Watergate scandal created several questions about the American constitution and democracy (Genovese, 1999). Nixon’s initial show of defense rooted from the solid support of his men eventually cracked down and led to his televised resignation. During his televised speech, Nixon states, by taking this action, I hope that I will have hastened the start of the process of healing which is so desperately needed in America. I deeply regret any injuries that may have been done in the course of the events that led to this decision. Those who hate you don’t win unless you hate them, and then you destroy yourself (â€Å"The Watergate Story Part 3,† 2008). Ford was sworn into office the next day but pardoned Nixon a month after. The events did not stop there as the influence of the scandal continued. The interconnecting controversies ignited a fresh and lasting doubt about American politics. It created new American political words and made the Congress approve laws concerning campaign finance reforms as well as investigation on the functions of CIA and several agencies of the government. Woodward and Bernstein’s coverage was turned into a book and a hit movie entitled â€Å"All the President’s Men† which instilled American media with a fresh harmful advantage. The scandal brought lasting and immeasurable effects on American politics (â€Å"The Watergate Story Part 3,† 2008). American Politics and Media Genovese (1999) affirmed the impression of Washington Post mentioned previously and stated that the Watergate scandal changed American politics and the issue of presidential corruption (Genovese, 1999). He added that, because of the crisis, the media became more interfering and subjective, the public became more distrustful and indifferent about its government, the relation between the executive and legislative branches of the government became unpleasant and factious and partisan conflicts became more intense (Genovese, 1999). Conclusion The Watergate crisis left profound and detrimental effects on American politics and history in general. It has resulted into distrust among the government officials and a wider gap between the branches of the government. Another effect of the scandal was that it made the succeeding Presidents more susceptible to the criticisms and suggestions of the public. The Nixon presidency has left a mark on the American politics which harmed the present list of presidents. The scandal has undeniably affected the political agenda of the succeeding presidents who were subjected to the scrutiny of the public. Nonetheless, the scandal also has its positive points to remember. These included the upholding of the freedom and power of the press as well as the effectivity of the justice system. By themselves, Nixon and the Watergate Crisis did not cause the degradation of American politics and decline of trust to the government. Incontestably, however, the fallen President and his scandal did remold the public’s view of the American story from one of presumed good goals to one of outstanding hostility. References Dickinson, W. B. & Mercer Cross, B. P. (1973). Watergate: Chronology of a crisis. Washington D. C: Congressional Quarterly, Inc. Genovese, M. A. (1999). The Watergate Crisis.London: Greenwood Press. Lewis, A. E. (1972, June 18). 5 held in plot to bug Democrats’ office here. The Washington Post, A01. Retrieved from http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2002/05/31/AR2005111001227_pf. html Scholastic, Inc. (1989). The Case of Watergate. The Presidency, Congress, and the Supreme Court. Retrieved April 19, 2008, from Scholastic database. Sirica, J. J. (1979). To set the record straight: The Break-in, the tapes, the conspirators, the pardon. New York: Norton. The Watergate Story Part 1. (2008). The Washington Post. Retrieved April 7, 2008, from http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-srv/politics/special/watergate/part1. html The Watergate Story Part 2. (2008). The Washington Post. Retrieved April 7, 2008, from http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-srv/politics/special/watergate/part2. html The Watergate Story Part 3. (2008). The Washington Post. Retrieved April 7, 2008, from http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-srv/politics/special/watergate/part3. html

Preventing Sexual Diseases During World War I - 1372 Words

jured, they had to believe that the injuries healed naturally. They would not be treated at all, and the wounds would be left untreated, causing more serious illness. For example, there is a woman who had been kicked hardly by a Japanese soldier that causes her arm broke, and it healed twists out of shape. Although comfort women regularly got medical examinations for the purpose of preventing sexual diseases, they could not get any further treatments for other health issues, such as broken bones, injuries from repeated abuse, and sexual intercourse. For these reasons, Japan has caused comfort women serious difficulties along with the miserable suffering from solemn physical injuries. As for comfort women, they had psychological injuries as well, and among this issue, this is more serious than it seems. Many comfort women lived horrific experiences for over five years in comfort stations. Comfort women had seen many friends dying in front of them. 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